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Congress

One Hundred and Twelfth Congress, Second Session

The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, providing that “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives."

The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 Senators and 59 Representatives.*

* New York ratified the Constitution on July 26, 1788, but did not elect its Senators until July 15 and 16, 1789. North Carolina did not ratify the Constitution until November 21, 1789; Rhode Island ratified it on May 29, 1790.

Congressional Record

Proceedings of Congress are published in the Congressional Record, which is issued each day when Congress is in session. Publication of the Record began March 4, 1873. It was the first record of debate officially reported, printed, and published directly by the Federal Government. The Daily Digest of the Congressional Record, printed in the back of each issue of the Record, summarizes the proceedings of that day in each House and each of their committees and subcommittees, respectively. The Digest also presents the legislative program for each day and, at the end of the week, gives the program for the following week. Its publication was begun March 17, 1947.

Sessions

Section 4 of Article I of the Constitution makes it mandatory that "The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year. . . ." Under this provision, also, the date for convening Congress was designated originally as the first Monday in December, "unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day." Eighteen acts were passed, up to 1820, providing for the meeting of Congress on other days of the year. From 1820 to 1934, however, Congress met regularly on the first Monday in December. In 1934 the 20th amendment changed the convening of Congress to January 3, unless Congress "shall by law appoint a different day." In addition, the President, according to Article II, section 3, of the Constitution "may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper. . . ."

Powers of Congress

Article I, section 8, of the Constitution defines the powers of Congress. Included are the powers to assess and collect taxes—called the chief power; to regulate commerce, both interstate and foreign; to coin money; to establish post offices and post roads; to establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court; to declare war; and to raise and maintain an army and navy. Congress is further empowered "To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;" and "To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof."

Amendments to the Constitution

Another power vested in the Congress is the right to propose amendments to the Constitution, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary. Should two-thirds of the State legislatures demand changes in the Constitution, it is the duty of Congress to call a constitutional convention. Proposed amendments shall be valid as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures or by conventions of three-fourths of the States, as one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by Congress.

Prohibitions Upon Congress

Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution also imposes prohibitions upon Congress. "The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it." A bill of attainder or an ex post facto law cannot be passed. No export duty can be imposed. Ports of one State cannot be given preference over those of another State. "No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law. . . ." No title of nobility may be granted.

Rights of Members

According to section 6 of Article I, Members of Congress are granted certain privileges. In no case, except in treason, felony, and breach of the peace, can Members be arrested while attending sessions of Congress "and in going to and returning from the same. . . ." Furthermore, the Members cannot be questioned in any other place for remarks made in Congress. Each House may expel a Member of its body by a two-thirds vote.

Enactment of Laws

In order to become law, all bills and joint resolutions, except those proposing a constitutional amendment, must pass both the House of Representatives and the Senate and either be signed by the President or be passed over the President's veto by a two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress. Section 7 of Article I states: "If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law." When a bill or joint resolution is introduced in the House, the usual procedure for its enactment into law is as follows: assignment to House committee having jurisdiction; if favorably considered, it is reported to the House either in its original form or with recommended amendments; if the bill or resolution is passed by the House, it is messaged to the Senate and referred to the committee having jurisdiction; in the Senate committee the bill, if favorably considered, may be reported in the form as received from the House, or with recommended amendments; the approved bill or resolution is reported to the Senate, and if passed by that body, is returned to the House; if one body does not accept the amendments to a bill by the other body, a conference committee comprised of Members of both bodies is usually appointed to effect a compromise; when the bill or joint resolution is finally approved by both Houses, it is signed by the Speaker (or Speaker pro tempore) and the Vice President (or President pro tempore or acting President pro tempore) and is presented to the President; and once the President's signature is affixed, the measure becomes a law. If the President vetoes the bill, it cannot become a law unless it is re-passed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses.

The Senate

The Capitol, Washington, DC 20510

202-224-3121
http://www.senate.gov

President of the Senate (Vice President of the United States) Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
President pro tempore Daniel K. Inouye
Majority Leader Harry Reid
Minority Leader Mitch McConnell
Secretary of the Senate Nancy Erickson
Sergeant at Arms Terrance Gainer
Secretary for the Majority Gary Myrick
Secretary for the Minority David J. Schiappa
Chaplain Barry Black

The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a function of the people. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years.

Senators must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years.

Organizational Chart

Officers

The Vice President of the United States is the Presiding Officer of the Senate. In the Vice President's absence, the duties are taken over by a President pro tempore, elected by that body, or someone designated by the President pro tempore.

The positions of Senate Majority and Minority Leader have been in existence only since the early years of the 20th century. Leaders are elected at the beginning of each new Congress by a majority vote of the Senators in their political party. In cooperation with their party organizations, Leaders are responsible for the design and achievement of a legislative program. This involves managing the flow of legislation, expediting noncontroversial measures, and keeping Members informed regarding proposed action on pending business. Each Leader serves as an ex officio member of his party's policymaking and organizational bodies and is aided by an assistant floor leader (whip) and a party secretary.

The Secretary of the Senate, elected by vote of the Senate, performs the duties of the Presiding Officer of the Senate in the absence of the Vice President and pending the election of a President pro tempore. The Secretary is the custodian of the seal of the Senate, draws requisitions on the Secretary of the Treasury for moneys appropriated for the compensation of Senators, officers, and employees, and for the contingent expenses of the Senate, and is empowered to administer oaths to any officer of the Senate and to any witness produced before it. The Secretary's executive duties include certification of extracts from the Journal of the Senate; the attestation of bills and joint, concurrent, and Senate resolutions; in impeachment trials, issuance, under the authority of the Presiding Officer, of all orders, mandates, writs, and precepts authorized by the Senate; and certification to the President of the United States of the advice and consent of the Senate to ratification of treaties and the names of persons confirmed or rejected upon the nomination of the President.

The Sergeant at Arms, elected by vote of the Senate, serves as the executive, chief law enforcement, and protocol officer and is the principal administrative manager for most support services in the Senate. As executive officer, the Sergeant at Arms has custody of the Senate gavel; enforces Senate rules and regulations as they pertain to the Senate Chamber, the Senate wing of the Capitol, and the Senate office buildings; and subject to the Presiding Officer, maintains order on the Senate floor, Chamber, and galleries. As chief law enforcement officer of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms is authorized to maintain security in the Capitol and all Senate buildings, as well as to protect Senators; to arrest and detain any person violating Senate rules; and to locate absentee Senators for a quorum. The Sergeant at Arms serves as a member of the Capitol Police Board and as its chairman each odd year. As protocol officer, the Sergeant at Arms escorts the President and other heads of state or official guests of the Senate who are attending official functions in the Capitol; makes arrangements for funerals of Senators who die in office; and assists in planning the inauguration of the President and organizing the swearing-in and orientation programs for newly elected Senators.

Committees

The work of preparing and considering legislation is done largely by committees of both Houses of Congress. There are 16 standing committees in the Senate. The standing committees of the Senate are shown in the list below. In addition, there are two select committees in each House and various congressional commissions and joint committees composed of Members of both Houses. Each House may also appoint special investigating committees. The membership of the standing committees of each House is chosen by a vote of the entire body; members of other committees are appointed under the provisions of the measure establishing them.

Each bill and resolution is usually referred to the appropriate committee, which may report a bill out in its original form, favorably or unfavorably, recommend amendments, report original measures, or allow the proposed legislation to die in committee without action.

Standing Committees of the Senate
Senate Commitee Room*
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry SR328A
Appropriations S128
Armed Services SR228
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs SD534
Budget SD624
Commerce, Science, and Transportation SD508
Energy and Natural Resources SD304
Environment and Public Works SD410
Finance SD219
Foreign Relations SD446
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions SD428
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs SD340
Judiciary SD224
Rules and Administration SR305
Small Business and Entrepreneurship SR428A
Veterans' Affairs SR412

Special Powers of the Senate

Under the Constitution, the Senate is granted certain powers not accorded to the House of Representatives. The Senate approves or disapproves certain Presidential appointments by majority vote, and treaties must be concurred in by a two-thirds vote.

Senators

Name State Room
Akaka, Daniel K. (D) Hawaii SH141
Alexander, Lamar (R) Tennessee SD455
Ayotte, Kelly A. (R) New Hampshire SR144
Barrasso, John A. (R) Wyoming SD307
Baucus, Max (D) Montana SH511
Begich, Mark (D) Alaska SR111
Bennet, Michael F. (D) Colorado SR458
Bingaman, Jeff (D) New Mexico SH703
Blumenthal, Richard (D) Connecticut SH702
Blunt, Roy (R) Missouri SR260
Boozman, John (R) Arkansas SH320
Boxer, Barbara (D) California SH112
Brown, Scott P. (R) Massachusetts SD359
Brown, Sherrod (D) Ohio SH713
Burr, Richard (R) North Carolina SR217
Cantwell, Maria (D) Washington SH311
Cardin, Benjamin L. (D) Maryland SH509
Carper, Thomas R. (D) Delaware SH513
Casey, Robert P., Jr. (D) Pennsylvania SR393
Chambliss, Saxby (R) Georgia SR416
Coats, Daniel (R) Indiana SR493
Coburn, Tom (R) Oklahoma SR172
Cochran, Thad (R) Mississippi SD113
Collins, Susan M. (R) Maine SD413
Conrad, Kent (D) North Dakota SH530
Coons, Christopher A. (D) Delaware SR127A
Corker, Bob (R) Tennessee SD185
Cornyn, John (R) Texas SH517
Crapo, Mike (R) Idaho SD239
DeMint, Jim (R) South Carolina SR167
Durbin, Richard J. (D) Illinois SH711
Enzi, Michael B. (R) Wyoming SR379A
Feinstein, Dianne (D) California SH331
Franken, Al (D) Minnesota SH309
Gillibrand, Kristen E. (D) New York SR478
Graham, Lindsey (R) South Carolina SR290
Grassley, Chuck (R) Iowa SH135
Hagan, Kay (D) North Carolina SD521
Harkin, Tom (D) Iowa SH731
Hatch, Orrin G. (R) Utah SH104
Heller, Dean (R) Nevada SR361A
Hoeven, John (R) North Dakota SR120
Hutchison, Kay Bailey (R) Texas SR284
Inhofe, James M. (R) Oklahoma SR205
Inouye, Daniel K. (D) Hawaii SH722
Isakson, Johnny (R) Georgia SR131
Johanns, Mike (R) Nebraska SR404
Johnson, Ron (R) Wisconsin SR386
Johnson, Tim (D) South Dakota SH136
Kerry, John F. (D) Massachusetts SR218
Kirk, Mark S. (R) Illinois SH524
Klobuchar, Amy (D) Minnesota SH302
Kohl, Herb (D) Wisconsin SH330
Kyl, Jon (R) Arizona SH730
Landrieu, Mary (D) Louisiana SD431
Lautenberg, Frank (D) New Jersey SH324
Leahy, Patrick J. (D) Vermont SR437
Lee, Michael S. (R) Utah SH316
Levin, Carl (D) Michigan SR269
Lieberman, Joseph I. (I) Connecticut SH706
Lugar, Richard G. (R) Indiana SH306
Manchin, Joe, III (D) West Virginia SH303
McCain, John (R) Arizona SR241
McCaskill, Claire (D) Missouri SH506
McConnell, Mitch (R) Kentucky SR317
Menendez, Robert (D) New Jersey SH528
Merkley, Jeff (D) Oregon SH313
Mikulski, Barbara A. (D) Maryland SH503
Moran, Jerry (R) Kansas SR354
Murkowski, Lisa (R) Alaska SH709
Murray, Patty (D) Washington SR448
Nelson, Bill (D) Florida SH716
Nelson, E. Benjamin (D) Nebraska SH720
Paul, Rand (R) Kentucky SR208
Portman, Rob (R) Ohio SR338
Pryor, Mark (D) Arkansas SD255
Reed, Jack (D) Rhode Island SH728
Reid, Harry (D) Nevada SH522
Risch, James E. (R) Idaho SR483
Roberts, Pat (R) Kansas SH109
Rockefeller, John D., IV (D) West Virginia SH531
Rubio, Marco (R) Florida SH317
Sanders, Bernard (I) Vermont SD332
Schumer, Charles E. (D) New York SH322
Sessions, Jeff (R) Alabama SR326
Shaheen, Jeanne (D) New Hampshire SH520
Shelby, Richard C. (R) Alabama SR304
Snowe, Olympia J. (R) Maine SR154
Stabenow, Debbie (D) Michigan SH133
Tester, Jon (D) Montana SH724
Thune, John (R) South Dakota SD511
Toomey, Pat (R) Pennsylvania SH502
Udall, Mark E. (D) Colorado SH328
Udall, Tom (D) New Mexico SH110
Vitter, David (R) Louisiana SH516
Warner, Mark R. (D) Virginia SR475
Webb, Jim (D) Virginia SR248
Whitehouse, Sheldon (D) Rhode Island SH717
Wicker, Roger F. (R) Mississippi SD555
Wyden, Ron (D) Oregon SD223
| http://www.senate.gov

Source of Information

Electronic Access

Specific information and legislation can be found on the Internet at http://thomas.loc.gov or www.senate.gov.

Publications

The Congressional Directory, the Senate Manual, and telephone directory for the U.S. Senate may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectiontab.action
http://www.senate.gov

The House of Representatives

The Capitol, Washington, DC 20515

202-225-3121
http://www.house.gov

The Speaker John A. Boehner
Clerk Karen L. Haas
Sergeant at Arms Paul D. Irving
Chief Administrative Officer Daniel J. Strodel
Chaplain Rev. Patrick J. Conroy

The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. The number representing each State is determined by population, but every State is entitled to at least one Representative. Members are elected by the people for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years.

A Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico (elected for a 4-year term) and Delegates from American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands complete the composition of the Congress of the United States. Delegates are elected for a term of 2 years. The Resident Commissioner and Delegates may take part in the floor discussions but have no vote in the full House. They do, however, vote in the committees to which they are assigned and in the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union.

Organizational Chart

Officers

The Presiding Officer of the House of Representatives, the Speaker, is elected by the House. The Speaker may designate any Member of the House to act in the Speaker's absence.

The House leadership is structured essentially the same as the Senate, with the Members in the political parties responsible for the election of their respective leader and whips.

The elected officers of the House of Representatives include the Clerk, the Sergeant at Arms, the Chief Administrative Officer, and the Chaplain.

The Clerk is custodian of the seal of the House and administers the primary legislative activities of the House. These duties include accepting the credentials of the Members-elect and calling the Members to order at the commencement of the first session of each Congress; keeping the Journal; taking all votes and certifying the passage of bills; and processing all legislation. Through various departments, the Clerk is also responsible for floor and committee reporting services; legislative information and reference services; the administration of House reports pursuant to House rules and certain legislation including the Ethics in Government Act and the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995; the distribution of House documents; and administration of the House Page Program. The Clerk is also charged with supervision of the offices vacated by Members due to death, resignation, or expulsion.

The Sergeant at Arms maintains the order of the House under the direction of the Speaker and is the keeper of the Mace. As a member of the U.S. Capitol Police Board, the Sergeant at Arms is the chief law enforcement officer for the House and serves as Board Chairman each even year. The ceremonial and protocol duties parallel those of the Senate Sergeant at Arms and include arranging the inauguration of the President of the United States, Joint Sessions of Congress, visits to the House of heads of state, and funerals of Members of Congress. The Sergeant at Arms enforces the rules relating to the privileges of the Hall of the House, including admission to the galleries, oversees garage and parking security of the House, and distributes all House staff identification cards.

Committees

The work of preparing and considering legislation is done largely by committees of both Houses of Congress. There are 19 standing committees in the House of Representatives. The standing committees of the House of Representatives are shown in the list below. In addition, there are two select committees in the House and various congressional commissions and joint committees composed of Members of both Houses. Each House may also appoint special investigating committees. The membership of the standing committees of each House is chosen by a vote of the entire body; members of other committees are appointed under the provisions of the measure establishing them.

Each bill and resolution is usually referred to the appropriate committee, which may report a bill out in its original form, favorably or unfavorably, recommend amendments, report original measures, or allow the proposed legislation to die in committee without action.

Standing Committees of the House of Representatives
House Committee Room*
Agriculture 1301
Appropriations H307
Armed Services 2120
Budget 207
Education and the Workforce 2181
Energy and Commerce 2125
Ethics 1015
Financial Services 2129
Foreign Affairs 2170
Homeland Security H2-176
House Administration 1309
House Administration (Franking Office) 1313
Judiciary 2138
Natural Resources 1324
Oversight and Government Reform 2157
Rules H312
Rules (Minority) 1627
Science, Space, and Technology 2321
Small Business 2361
Transportation and Infrastructure 2165
Veterans' Affairs 335
Ways and Means 1102

Special Powers of the House of Representatives

The House of Representatives is granted the power of originating all bills for the raising of revenue. Both Houses of Congress act in impeachment proceedings, which, according to the Constitution, may be instituted against the President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States. The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeachment, and the Senate has the sole power to try impeachments.

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners

Name State (District) / Territory Room
Ackerman, Gary L. (D) New York (5) 2111
Adams, Sandy (R) Florida (24) 216
Aderholt, Robert B. (R) Alabama (4) 2264
Akin, W. Todd (R) Missouri (2) 117
Alexander, Rodney (R) Louisiana (5) 316
Altmire, Jason (D) Pennsylvania (4) 332
Amash, Justin (R) Michigan (3) 114
Amodei, Mark (R) Nevada (2) 125
Andrews, Robert E. (D) New Jersey (1) 2265
Austria, Steve (R) Ohio (7) 439
Baca, Joe (D) California (43) 2366
Bachmann, Michele (R) Minnesota (6) 103
Bachus, Spencer (R) Alabama (6) 2246
Baldwin, Tammy (D) Wisconsin (2) 2446
Barber, Ron (D) Arizona (8) 1030
Barletta, Lou (R) Pennsylvania (11) 510
Barrow, John (D) Georgia (12) 2202
Bartlett, Roscoe G. (R) Maryland (6) 2412
Barton, Joe (R) Texas (6) 2109
Bass, Charles F. (R) New Hampshire (2) 2350
Bass, Karen (D) California (33) 408
Becerra, Xavier (D) California (31) 1226
Benishek, Dan (R) Michigan (1) 514
Berg, Rick (R) North Dakota (At Large) 323
Berkley, Shelley (D) Nevada (1) 405
Berman, Howard L. (D) California (28) 2221
Biggert, Judy (R) Illinois (13) 2113
Bilbray, Brian P. (R) California (50) 2410
Bilirakis, Gus M. (R) Florida (9) 407
Bishop, Rob (R) Utah (1) 123
Bishop, Sanford D., Jr. (R) Georgia (2) 2429
Bishop, Timothy H. (D) New York (1) 306
Black, Diane (R) Tennessee (6) 1531
Blackburn, Marsha (R) Tennessee (7) 217
Blumenauer, Earl (D) Oregon (3) 1502
Boehner, John A. (R) Ohio (8) 1011
Bonamici, Suzanne (D) Oregon (1) 2338
Bonner, Jo (R) Alabama (1) 2236
Bono Mack, Mary (R) California (45) 104
Bordallo, Madeleine Z. (D) Guam (Delegate) 2441
Boren, Dan (D) Oklahoma (2) 2447
Boswell, Leonard L. (D) Iowa (3) 1026
Boustany, Charles W., Jr. (R) Louisiana (7) 1431
Brady, Kevin (R) Texas (8) 301
Brady, Robert A. (D) Pennsylvania (1) 102
Braley, Bruce L. (D) Iowa (1) 1727
Brooks, Mo (R) Alabama (5) 1641
Broun, Paul C. (R) Georgia (10) 325
Brown, Corrine (D) Florida (3) 2336
Buchanan, Vern (R) Florida (13) 221
Bucshon, Larry (R) Indiana (8) 1123
Buerkle, Ann Marie (R) New York (25) 1630
Burgess, Michael C. (R) Texas (26) 2241
Burton, Dan (R) Indiana (5) 2308
Butterfield, G. K. (D) North Carolina (1) 2305
Calvert, Ken (R) California (44) 2269
Camp, Dave (R) Michigan (4) 341
Campbell, John (R) California (48) 1507
Canseco, Francisco (R) Texas (23) 1339
Cantor, Eric (R) Virginia (7) 303
Capito, Shelley Moore (R) West Virginia (2) 2443
Capps, Lois (D) California (23) 2231
Capuano, Michael E. (D) Massachusetts (8) 1414
Cardoza, Dennis A. (D) California (18) 2437
Carnahan, Russ (D) Missouri (3) 1710
Carney, John C., Jr. (D) Delaware (At Large) 1429
Carson, Andre (D) Indiana (7) 425
Carter, John R. (R) Texas (31) 409
Cassidy, William (R) Louisiana (6) 1535
Castor, Kathy (D) Florida (11) 137
Chabot, Steve (R) Ohio (1) 2351
Chaffetz, Jason (R) Utah (3) 1032
Chandler, Ben (D) Kentucky (6) 1504
Christensen, Donna M. (D) Virgin Islands (Delegate) 1510
Chu, Judy (D) California (32) 1520
Cicilline, David N. (D) Rhode Island (1) 128
Clarke, Hansen (D) Michigan (13) 1319
Clarke, Yvette D. (D) New York (11) 1029
Clay, William, Jr. (D) Missouri (1) 2418
Cleaver, Emanuel (D) Missouri (5) 1433
Clyburn, James E. (D) South Carolina (6) 2135
Coble, Howard (R) North Carolina (6) 2188
Coffman, Mike (R) Colorado (6) 1222
Cohen, Steve (D) Tennessee (9) 1005
Cole, Tom (R) Oklahoma (4) 2458
Conaway, K. Michael (R) Texas (11) 2430
Connolly, Gerald E. (D) Virginia (11) 424
Conyers, John, Jr. (D) Michigan (14) 2426
Cooper, Jim (D) Tennessee (5) 1536
Costa, Jim (D) California (20) 1314
Costello, Jerry F. (D) Illinois (12) 2408
Courtney, Joe (D) Connecticut (2) 215
Cravaack, Chip (R) Minnesota (8) 508
Crawford, Eric A. (R) Arkansas (1) 1408
Crenshaw, Ander (R) Florida (4) 440
Critz, Mark S. (D) Pennsylvania (12) 1022
Crowley, Joseph (D) New York (7) 2404
Cuellar, Henry (D) Texas (28) 2463
Culberson, John Abney (R) Texas (7) 2352
Cummings, Elijah E. (D) Maryland (7) 2235
Davis, Danny K. (D) Illinois (7) 2159
Davis, Geoff (R) Kentucky (4) 1119
Davis, Susan A. (D) California (53) 1526
DeFazio, Peter A. (D) Oregon (4) 2134
DeGette, Diana (D) Colorado (1) 2335
DeLauro, Rosa L. (D) Connecticut (3) 2413
Denham, Jeff (R) California (19) 1605
Dent, Charles W. (R) Pennsylvania (15) 1009
DesJarlais, Scott (R) Tennessee (4) 413
Deutch, Theodore E. (D) Florida (19) 1024
Diaz-Balart, Mario (R) Florida (21) 436
Dicks, Norman D. (D) Washington (6) 2467
Dingell, John D. (D) Michigan (15) 2328
Doggett, Lloyd (D) Texas (25) 201
Dold, Robert J. (R) Illinois (10) 212
Donnelly, Joe (D) Indiana (2) 1530
Doyle, Michael F. (D) Pennsylvania (14) 401
Dreier, David (R) California (26) 233
Duffy, Sean P. (R) Wisconsin (7) 1208
Duncan, Jeff (R) South Carolina (3) 116
Duncan, John J., Jr. (R) Tennessee (2) 2207
Edwards, Donna F. (D) Maryland (4) 318
Ellison, Keith (D) Minnesota (5) 1027
Ellmers, Renee L. (R) North Carolina (2) 1533
Emerson, Jo Ann (R) Missouri (8) 2230
Engel, Eliot L. (D) New York (17) 2161
Eshoo, Anna G. (D) California (14) 205
Faleomavaega, Eni F.H. (D) American Samoa (Delegate) 2422
Farenthold, Blake (R) Texas (27) 2110
Farr, Sam (D) California (17) 1126
Fattah, Chaka (D) Pennsylvania (2) 2301
Filner, Bob (D) California (51) 2428
Fincher, Stephen Lee (R) Tennessee (8) 1118
Fitzpatrick, Michael G. (R) Pennsylvania (8) 1224
Flake, Jeff (R) Arizona (6) 240
Fleischmann, Charles J. (R) Tennessee (3) 511
Fleming, John (R) Louisiana (4) 416
Flores, Bill (R) Texas (17) 1505
Forbes, J. Randy (R) Virginia (4) 2438
Fortenberry, Jeff (R) Nebraska (1) 1514
Foxx, Virginia (R) North Carolina (5) 1230
Frank, Barney (D) Massachusetts (4) 2252
Franks, Trent (R) Arizona (2) 2435
Frelinghuysen, Rodney P. (R) New Jersey (11) 2369
Fudge, Marcia L. (D) Ohio (11) 1019
Gallegly, Elton (R) California (24) 2309
Garamendi, John (D) California (10) 228
Gardner, Cory (R) Colorado (4) 213
Garrett, Scott (R) New Jersey (5) 2244
Gerlach, Jim (R) Pennsylvania (6) 2442
Gibbs, Bob (R) Ohio (18) 329
Gibson, Christopher P. (R) New York (20) 502
Gingrey, Phil (R) Georgia (11) 442
Gohmert, Louie (R) Texas (1) 2440
Gonzalez, Charles A. (D) Texas (20) 1436
Goodlatte, Bob (R) Virginia (6) 2240
Gosar, Paul A. (R) Arizona (1) 504
Gowdy, Trey (R) South Carolina (4) 1237
Granger, Kay (R) Texas (12) 320
Graves, Sam (R) Missouri (6) 1415
Graves, Tom (R) Georgia (9) 1113
Green, Al (D) Texas (9) 2201
Green, Gene (D) Texas (29) 2470
Griffin, Tim (R) Arkansas (2) 1232
Griffith, H. Morgan (R) Virginia (9) 1108
Grijalva, Raul M. (D) Arizona (7) 1511
Grimm, Michael G. (R) New York (13) 512
Guinta, Frank C. (R) New Hampshire (1) 1223
Guthrie, Brett (R) Kentucky (2) 308
Gutierrez, Luis V. (D) Illinois (4) 2266
Hahn, Janice (D) California (36) 2400
Hall, Ralph M. (R) Texas (4) 2405
Hanabusa, Colleen W. (D) Hawaii (1) 238
Hanna, Richard L. (R) New York (24) 319
Harper, Gregg (R) Mississippi (3) 307
Harris, Andy (R) Maryland (1) 506
Hartzler, Vicky (R) Missouri (4) 1023
Hastings, Alcee L. (D) Florida (23) 2353
Hastings, Doc (R) Washington (4) 1203
Hayworth, Nan A.S. (R) New York (19) 1440
Heck, Joseph J. (R) Nevada (3) 132
Heinrich, Martin (D) New Mexico (1) 336
Hensarling, Jeb (R) Texas (5) 129
Herger, Wally (R) California (2) 242
Herrera Beutler, Jaime (R) Washington (3) 1130
Higgins, Brian (D) New York (27) 2459
Himes, James A. (D) Connecticut (4) 119
Hinchey, Maurice D. (D) New York (22) 2431
Hinojosa, Ruben (D) Texas (15) 2262
Hirono, Mazie K. (D) Hawaii (2) 1410
Hochul, Kathleen C. (D) New York (26) 1711
Holden, Tim (D) Pennsylvania (17) 2417
Holt, Rush D. (D) New Jersey (12) 1214
Honda, Michael M. (D) California (15) 1713
Hoyer, Steny H. (D) Maryland (5) 1705
Huelskamp, Tim (R) Kansas (1) 126
Huizenga, Bill (R) Michigan (2) 1217
Hultgren, Randy (R) Illinois (14) 427
Hunter, Duncan (R) California (52) 223
Hurt, Robert (R) Virginia (5) 1516
[Inslee, Jay] (D) Washington (1) 2329
Israel, Steve (D) New York (2) 2457
Issa, Darrell E. (R) California (49) 2347
Jackson, Jesse L., Jr. (D) Illinois (2) 2419
Jackson Lee, Sheila (D) Texas (18) 2160
Jenkins, Lynn (R) Kansas (2) 1122
Johnson, Bill (R) Ohio (6) 317
Johnson, Eddie Bernice (D) Texas (30) 2468
Johnson, Henry C., Jr. (D) Georgia (4) 1427
Johnson, Sam (R) Texas (3) 1211
Johnson, Timothy V. (R) Illinois (15) 1207
Jones, Walter B. (R) North Carolina (3) 2333
Jordan, Jim (R) Ohio (4) 1524
Kaptur, Marcy (D) Ohio (9) 2186
Keating, William R. (D) Massachusetts (10) 315
Kelly, Mike (R) Pennsylvania (3) 515
Kildee, Dale E. (D) Michigan (5) 2107
Kind, Ron (D) Wisconsin (3) 1406
King, Peter T. (R) New York (3) 339
King, Steve (R) Iowa (5) 1131
Kingston, Jack (R) Georgia (1) 2372
Kinzinger, Adam (R) Illinois (11) 1218
Kissell, Larry (D) North Carolina (8) 1632
Kline, John (R) Minnesota (2) 2439
Kucinich, Dennis J. (D) Ohio (10) 2445
Labrador, Raul R. (R) Idaho (1) 1523
Lamborn, Doug (R) Colorado (5) 437
Lance, Leonard (R) New Jersey (7) 426
Landry, Jeff (R) Louisiana (3) 206
Langevin, James R. (D) Rhode Island (2) 109
Lankford, James (R) Oklahoma (5) 509
Larsen, Rick (D) Washington (2) 108
Larson, John B. (D) Connecticut (1) 1501
Latham, Tom (R) Iowa (4) 2217
LaTourette, Steven C. (R) Ohio (14) 2371
Latta, Robert E. (R) Ohio (5) 1323
Lee, Barbara (D) California (9) 2267
Levin, Sander M. (D) Michigan (12) 1236
Lewis, Jerry (R) California (41) 2112
Lewis, John (D) Georgia (5) 343
Lipinski, Daniel (D) Illinois (3) 1717
LoBiondo, Frank A. (R) New Jersey (2) 2427
Loebsack, David (D) Iowa (2) 1527
Lofgren, Zoe (D) California (16) 1401
Long, Billy (R) Missouri (7) 1541
Lowey, Nita M. (D) New York (18) 2365
Lucas, Frank D. (R) Oklahoma (3) 2311
Luetkemeyer, Blaine (R) Missouri (9) 1740
Lujan, Ben Ray (D) New Mexico (3) 330
Lummis, Cynthia M. (R) Wyoming (At Large) 113
Lungren, Daniel E. (R) California (3) 2313
Lynch, Stephen F. (D) Massachusetts (9) 2348
Mack, Connie (R) Florida (14) 115
Maloney, Carolyn B. (D) New York (14) 2332
Manzullo, Donald A. (R) Illinois (16) 2228
Marchant, Kenny (R) Texas (24) 1110
Marino, Tom (R) Pennsylvania (10) 410
Markey, Edward J. (D) Massachusetts (7) 2108
Matheson, Jim (D) Utah (2) 2434
Matsui, Doris O. (D) California (5) 222
McCarthy, Carolyn (D) New York (4) 2346
McCarthy, Kevin (R) California (22) 326
McCaul, Michael T. (R) Texas (10) 131
McClintock, Tom (R) California (4) 428
McCollum, Betty (D) Minnesota (4) 1714
McCotter, Thaddeus G. (R) Michigan (11) 2243
McDermott, Jim (D) Washington (7) 1035
McGovern, James P. (D) Massachusetts (3) 438
McHenry, Patrick T. (R) North Carolina (10) 224
McIntyre, Mike (D) North Carolina (7) 2133
McKeon, Howard P. (R) California (25) 2184
McKinley, David B. (R) West Virginia (1) 313
McMorris Rodgers, Cathy (R) Washington (5) 2421
McNerney, Jerry (D) California (11) 1210
Meehan, Patrick (R) Pennsylvania (7) 513
Meeks, Gregory W. (D) New York (6) 2234
Mica, John L. (R) Florida (7) 2187
Michaud, Michael H. (D) Maine (2) 1724
Miller, Brad (D) North Carolina (13) 1127
Miller, Candice S. (R) Michigan (10) 1034
Miller, Gary G. (R) California (42) 2349
Miller, George (D) California (7) 2205
Miller, Jeff (R) Florida (1) 2416
Moore, Gwen (D) Wisconsin (4) 2245
Moran, James P. (D) Virginia (8) 2239
Mulvaney, Mick (R) South Carolina (5) 1004
Murphy, Christopher S. (D) Connecticut (5) 412
Murphy, Tim (R) Pennsylvania (18) 322
Myrick, Sue Wilkins (R) North Carolina (9) 230
Nadler, Jerrold (D) New York (8) 2334
Napolitano, Grace F. (D) California (38) 1610
Neal, Richard E. (D) Massachusetts (2) 2208
Neugebauer, Randy (R) Texas (19) 1424
Noem, Kristi L. (R) South Dakota (At Large) 226
Norton, Eleanor Holmes (D) District of Columbia (Delegate) 2136
Nugent, Richard B. (R) Florida (5) 1517
Nunes, Devin (R) California (21) 1013
Nunnelee, Alan (R) Mississippi (1) 1432
Olson, Pete (R) Texas (22) 312
Olver, John W. (D) Massachusetts (1) 1111
Owens, William L. (D) New York (23) 431
Palazzo, Steven M. (D) Mississippi (4) 331
Pallone, Frank (D) New Jersey (6) 237
Pascrell, Bill (D) New Jersey (8) 2370
Pastor, Ed (D) Arizona (4) 2465
Paul, Ron (R) Texas (14) 203
Paulsen, Erik (R) Minnesota (3) 127
[Payne, Donald M.] (D) New Jersey (10) 2310
Pearce, Stevan (R) New Mexico (2) 2432
Pelosi, Nancy (D) California (8) 235
Pence, Mike (R) Indiana (6) 100
Perlmutter, Ed (D) Colorado (7) 1221
Peters, Gary C. (D) Michigan (9) 1609
Peterson, Collin C. (D) Minnesota (7) 2211
Petri, Thomas E. (R) Wisconsin (6) 2462
Pierluisi, Pedro R. (D) Puerto Rico (Resident Commissioner) 1213
Pingree, Chellie (D) Maine (1) 1318
Pitts, Joseph R. (R) Pennsylvania (16) 420
Platts, Todd Russell (R) Pennsylvania (19) 2455
Poe, Ted (R) Texas (2) 430
Polis, Jared (D) Colorado (2) 501
Pompeo, Mike (R) Kansas (4) 107
Posey, Bill (R) Florida (15) 120
Price, David E. (D) North Carolina (4) 2162
Price, Tom (R) Georgia (6) 403
Quayle, Benjamin (R) Arizona (3) 1419
Quigley, Mike (D) Illinois (5) 1124
Rahall, Nick J., II (D) West Virginia (3) 2307
Rangel, Charles B. (D) New York (15) 2354
Reed, Tom, II (R) New York (29) 1037
Rehberg, Denny (R) Montana (At Large) 2448
Reichert, David G. (R) Washington (8) 1730
Renacci, James B. (R) Ohio (16) 130
Reyes, Silvestre (D) Texas (16) 2210
Ribble, Reid J. (R) Wisconsin (8) 1513
Richardson, Laura (D) California (37) 1330
Richmond, Cedric L. (D) Louisiana (2) 415
Rigell, E. Scott (R) Virginia (2) 327
Rivera, David (R) Florida (25) 417
Roby, Martha (R) Alabama (2) 414
Roe, David P. (R) Tennessee (1) 419
Rogers, Harold (R) Kentucky (5) 2406
Rogers, Mike (R) Alabama (3) 133
Rogers, Mike (R) Michigan (8) 324
Rohrabacher, Dana (R) California (46) 2300
Rokita, Todd (R) Indiana (4) 236
Rooney, Thomas J. (R) Florida (16) 1529
Roskam, Peter J. (R) Illinois (6) 227
Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana (R) Florida (18) 2206
Ross, Dennis A. (R) Florida (12) 404
Ross, Mike (D) Arkansas (4) 2436
Rothman, Steven R. (D) New Jersey (9) 2303
Roybal-Allard, Lucille (D) California (34) 2330
Royce, Edward R. (R) California (40) 2185
Runyan, Jon (R) New Jersey (3) 1239
Ruppersberger, C. A. Dutch (D) Maryland (2) 2453
Rush, Bobby L. (D) Illinois (1) 2268
Ryan, Paul (R) Wisconsin (1) 1233
Ryan, Tim (D) Ohio (17) 1421
Sablan, Gregorio Kilili Camacho (D) Northern Mariana Islands (At Large) 423
Sanchez, Linda T. (D) California (39) 2423
Sanchez, Loretta (D) California (47) 1114
Sarbanes, John P. (D) Maryland (3) 2444
Scalise, Steve (R) Louisiana (1) 429
Schakowsky, Janice D. (D) Illinois (9) 2367
Schiff, Adam B. (D) California (29) 2411
Schilling, Bobby (R) Illinois (17) 507
Schmidt, Jean (R) Ohio (2) 2464
Schock, Aaron (R) Illinois (18) 328
Schrader, Kurt (D) Oregon (5) 314
Schwartz, Allyson Y. (D) Pennsylvania (13) 1227
Schweikert, David (R) Arizona (5) 1205
Scott, Austin (R) Georgia (8) 516
Scott, David (D) Georgia (13) 225
Scott, Robert C. (D) Virginia (3) 1201
Scott, Tim (R) South Carolina (1) 1117
Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr. (R) Wisconsin (5) 2449
Serrano, Jose E. (D) New York (16) 2227
Sessions, Pete (R) Texas (32) 2233
Sewell, Terri A. (D) Alabama (7) 1133
Sherman, Brad (D) California (27) 2242
Shimkus, John (R) Illinois (19) 2452
Shuler, Heath (D) North Carolina (11) 229
Shuster, Bill (R) Pennsylvania (9) 204
Simpson, Michael K. (R) Idaho (2) 2312
Sires, Albio (D) New Jersey (13) 2342
Slaughter, Louise McIntosh (D) New York (28) 2469
Smith, Adam (D) Washington (9) 2402
Smith, Adrian (R) Nebraska (3) 503
Smith, Christopher H. (R) New Jersey (4) 2373
Smith, Lamar (R) Texas (21) 2409
Southerland, Steve (R) Florida (2) 1229
Speier, Jackie (D) California (12) 211
Stark, Fortney Pete (D) California (13) 239
Stearns, Cliff (R) Florida (6) 2306
Stivers, Steve (R) Ohio (15) 1007
Stutzman, Marlin A. (R) Indiana (3) 1728
Sullivan, John (R) Oklahoma (1) 434
Sutton, Betty (D) Ohio (13) 1519
Terry, Lee (R) Nebraska (2) 2331
Thompson, Bennie G. (D) Mississippi (2) 2466
Thompson, Glenn (R) Pennsylvania (5) 124
Thompson, Mike (D) California (1) 231
Thornberry, Mac (R) Texas (13) 2209
Tiberi, Patrick J. (R) Ohio (12) 106
Tierney, John F. (D) Massachusetts (6) 2238
Tipton, Scott R. (R) Colorado (3) 218
Tonko, Paul (D) New York (21) 422
Towns, Edolphus (D) New York (10) 2232
Tsongas, Niki (D) Massachusetts (5) 1607
Turner, Michael R. (R) Ohio (3) 2454
Turner, Robert (R) New York (9) 2104
Upton, Fred (R) Michigan (6) 2183
Van Hollen, Chris (D) Maryland (8) 1707
Velazquez, Nydia M. (D) New York (12) 2302
Visclosky, Peter J. (D) Indiana (1) 2256
Walberg, Tim (R) Michigan (7) 418
Walden, Greg (R) Oregon (2) 2182
Walsh, Joe (R) Illinois (8) 432
Walz, Timothy J. (D) Minnesota (1) 1722
Wasserman Schultz, Debbie (D) Florida (20) 118
Waters, Maxine (D) California (35) 2344
Watt, Melvin L. (D) North Carolina (12) 2304
Waxman, Henry A. (D) California (30) 2204
Webster, Daniel (R) Florida (8) 1039
Welch, Peter (D) Vermont (At Large) 1404
West, Allen B. (R) Florida (22) 1708
Westmoreland, Lynn A. (R) Georgia (3) 2433
Whitfield, Ed (R) Kentucky (1) 2368
Wilson, Frederica S. (D) Florida (17) 208
Wilson, Joe (R) South Carolina (2) 2229
Wittman, Robert J. (R) Virginia (1) 1317
Wolf, Frank R. (R) Virginia (10) 241
Womack, Steve (R) Arkansas (3) 1508
Woodall, Rob (R) Georgia (7) 1725
Woolsey, Lynn C. (D) California (6) 2263
Yarmuth, John A. (D) Kentucky (3) 435
Yoder, Kevin (R) Kansas (3) 214
Young, C.W. Bill (R) Florida (10) 2407
Young, Don (R) Alaska (At Large) 2314
Young, Todd C. (R) Indiana (9) 1721

Source of Information

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